Slip ring induction motors, also known as wound rotor induction motors, offer several
advantages and disadvantages compared to squirrel cage induction motors. These
motors have unique characteristics that make them suitable for specific applications. In
this article, we will explore the Advantages and Disadvantages of Slip Ring Induction Motor, as well as their applications in various industries.
Advantages of Slip Ring Induction Motors
High Starting Torque and Adjustable Speed
Main advantage of slip ring induction motor is their high starting torque. By inserting external resistance in each phase of the rotor circuit and step by step cutting the resistance during starting, slip ring motors can achieve maximum starting torque.
This feature is useful for the applications that require high starting torque, such as
hoists, elevators, and compressors.
Slip ring motors can be used as variable speed motors. By adjusting the resistance in the rotor circuit, the speed of the slip ring motor can be controlled. This makes slip
ring motors suitable for applications that require speed control, such as printing presses, large ventilating fans, lifts, and pumps.
Overloading Capacity and Smooth Acceleration
Slip ring induction motors have a high overloading capacity, making them capable to handle heavy loads without overheating. This feature make them suitable for applications that require smooth acceleration under heavy loads, ensuring stable and efficient operation.
Disadvantages of Slip Ring Induction Motors
While slip ring induction motors offer certain advantages, they also have some
drawbacks that should be considered before choosing them for specific applications.
Higher Initial and Maintenance Costs
Compared to squirrel cage motors, slip ring induction motors have higher initial and
maintenance costs. Because of the presence of slip rings, brushes, short-circuiting
devices. Slip ring assembly increase complexity of these motors leads to higher manufacturing and maintenance expenses.
Poor Speed Regulation with External Resistances
When operated with external resistances in the rotor circuit, slip ring motors have poor
speed regulation. The adjustment of the resistance can be tedious and may result in inconsistent speed control. This limitation should be taken into account when
considering slip ring motors for applications that require precise speed regulation.
Lower Efficiency and Power Factor
Slip ring induction motors have lower efficiency and power factor compared to squirrel cage motors. due to the increased complexity of the rotor circuit. The lower power factor at light loads can lead to inefficiencies in power consumption.
Sensitivity to Supply Voltage Fluctuations
Slip ring induction motors are sensitive to supply voltage fluctuations compared to squirrel cage motors. Variations in the voltage can affect the performance and operation of slip ring motors, leading to reduced efficiency.
Applications of Slip Ring Induction Motors
Slip ring induction motors find application in various industries demanding high starting torque or adjustable speed. Some common applications as follows:
- Hoists: Slip ring motors are mostly used in goods hoists due to high starting torque, allowing them smooth lifting of heavy loads.
- Elevators: The high starting torque and adjustable speed of slip ring motors make them suitable for elevator systems that require precise control and reliable
performance. - Compressors: Slip ring induction motors are commonly used in compressors,
where high starting torque is necessary to compress gases efficiently. - Printing Presses: The variable speed capability of slip ring motors is useful in printing presses application, allowing for precise control of printing speed.
- Large Ventilating Fans: Slip ring motors are used in large ventilating fans to provide the necessary starting torque and speed control for efficient air circulation.
- Lifts: Slip ring induction motors are often used in lifts, where adjustable speed and
high starting torque are essential for safe and smooth operation. - Pumps: Slip ring motors find application in pump systems that require variable speed control for optimal performance and energy efficiency.
In conclusion, slip ring induction motors offer high starting torque, adjustable speed, and
the ability to handle heavy loads. However, they come with higher initial and maintenance costs, lower efficiency, and sensitivity to supply voltage fluctuations. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of slip ring induction motor is crucial for selecting the appropriate motor for specific applications in various industries.
